11 legislative powers concerning that Region, State or Self-Administered Area in accord with the provisions of this Constitution. (b) If there arises or there is sufficient reason to arise a state of emergency endangering life and property of the people in a Region, State or SelfAdministered Area, the Defence Services has the right, in accord with the provisions of this Constitution, to prevent that danger and provide protection. (c) If there arises a state of emergency that could cause disintegration of the Union, disintegration of national solidarity and loss of sovereign power or attempts therefore by wrongful forcible means such as insurgency or violence, the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services has the right to take over and exercise State sovereign power in accord with the provisions of this Constitution. 41. The Union practises independent, active and non-aligned foreign policy aimed at world peace and friendly relations with nations and upholds the principles of peaceful coexistence among nations. 42. (a) The Union shall not commence aggression against any nation. (b) No foreign troops shall be permitted to be deployed in the territory of the Union. 43. No Penal law shall be enacted to provide retrospective effect. 44. No penalty shall be prescribed that violates human dignity. 45. The Union shall protect and conserve natural environment.